Deviations from this all white puma sneakers standard system, with same-sex individuals having overlapping ranges, have been noted for several species of large cats (pumas [ Puma concolor  Hopkins et al. 1986 ; Núñez et al. 2002 ; Seidensticker et al. 1973 ], leopards [ Muckenhirn and Eisenberg 1973 ], and jaguars [ Núñez et al. 2002 ; Rabinowitz and Nottingham 1986 ]). It has been suggested that females maintain stable and evenly distributed exclusive ranges when prey are abundant, and overlapping ranges when prey are scarce, seasonal, or clumped ( Sandell 1989 ; Sunquist and Sunquist 2002 ).Núñez et al.

Here we analyze interactions within and between populations of jaguars and pumas in the broadleaf forest of the Cockscomb Basin in Belize. To date, only Scognamillo et al. (2003) have reported jaguar puma interactions, from telemetry data on 4 jaguars and best puma shoes 5 pumas in the Venezuelan Llanos area. They found evidence of jaguars and pumas using the same habitat but avoiding each other temporally. Their sample sizes were too small to calibrate interspecific avoidance against intraspecific interactions, which is a prerequisite to inferences about niche separation between black and gold puma shoes species.

Here we analyze temporal and spatial interactions between a uniquely large sample of individuals to tackle 2 fundamental questions about the function of jaguar movements in resource exploitation: Does spatial overlap of ranges of males depend on hierarchies of residence? Are temporal interactions of jaguars with pumas distinguishable from conspecific interactions? These components of behavior were sampled more representatively than is possible with telemetry by using an array of more than 100 camera stations. Camera traps were placed on established and newly opened trails traversing the dense forest matrix.

This format permitted testing black puma sandals interspecific interactions of jaguars with pumas in relation to intraspecific interactions among individual jaguars. Interaction can be interpreted from a frequency distribution through time that is more regular than random, indicating mutual avoidance, or more aggregated than random, indicating mutual attraction. This study represents the largest camera-trap data set for neotropical cats collected to date from 1 site. The study site overlaps almost entirely with that of Rabinowitz and Nottingham (1986) , allowing comparison between their telemetry data and our photographic data.

It was hypothesized that jaguars and pumas avoid (or attract) each other through time. A significant interaction effect would provide evidence of a longer (or shorter) interval between jaguar puma and puma jaguar captures than between jaguar jaguar and puma puma captures. No difference was expected in number of days between jaguar jaguar captures and puma puma captures (the main effects).If jaguars and pumas avoid each other, then it was expected that captures of each species would be clustered in time. A nonparametric runs test was used to compare the distribution of male-male capture intervals burgundy puma shoes against a random distribution, which is the expected outcome of negligible interaction.

A single run consisted of all consecutive captures of the same species (Jaguar or puma). The frequencies of runs of consecutive captures of the same and different species through time indicated to what extent the species attracted or avoided each other. A clustered distribution (few runs) occurred when each species had more consecutive captures than expected at random, indicating avoidance between the 2 species. A regular distribution (many short runs) occurred when the 2 species had fewer consecutive captures than expected at random, indicating attraction between species.